“Misbehaving” by Richard H Thaler

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  • Brainpower is a limited resource so we use things to be more efficient, such as heuristics
  • We notice changes more than facts; but the changes need to meet a perception threshold
  • Sunk costs (money spent that cannot be retrieved) drives our consumption
  • Consumption related to Sunk Costs dissipate over time
  • To an “econ”, money in fungible and budgeting is irrelevant
  • When we are losing, we favor small bets with long odds over larger bets with better odds
  • We tend to diminish the value of future pleasures (“Ice cream now? Yum! Ice cream next year? Meh.”)
  • “Theory-induced blindness” is being blind because you have a reasonable theory
  • Self-control is about conflict, conflict takes two to exist
  • Behavioral solutions are good for behavioral problems
  • Windfalls should be reallocated rather than splurged
  • People do not make large purchases often enough to gain useful experience
  • The 2008 housing bubble was so painful because people were leveraged against their equity; the 2000 tech crash was much less painful because few had leverage their paper gains
  • We get very defensive when we start losing money
  • “Secret sales”–unadvertised sales–are bad for revenue because the customer was willing to pay full price when they walked in
  • People think about rebates differently than a discount
  • “… the perceived fairness of an action depends not only on who it helps or harms, but also on how it is framed.”
  • Removing discounts is usually perceived as more fair than raising prices
  • “Unfair” maneuvers are less noticeable so are not well noticed when competition follows suit
  • “Paradigms change only once experts believe there are a large number of anomalies that are not explained by the current paradigm.”
    • “Inside views” lock our perspective to the team’s optimism
    • “Outside views” let us reference other, similar projects
  • It is important to reward people for making good decisions based on the information available at the time, regardless of subsequent learnings
    • (This is really important in business and with children. Punishing either for not knowing something damages confidence.)
  • In the “beauty contest” game, it is important to ask who the other players are so you can guess at their beauty standards
  • Stock market trading volumes should be lower if everyone is rational
  • “But nothing attracts attention more than a good fight.”
  • “When people are given what they consider to be unfair offers, they can get angry enough to punish the other party, even at some cost to themselves.”
  • Fallacies of decision making:
    • People are overconfident.
    • People make forecasts that are too extreme.
    • The winner’s curse. The auction winner is the one who most overvalued the object.
    • The false consensus effect. People tend to think that other people share their preferences. (“Everyone is just like me”)
    • Present bias.
  • People become risk seeking when they are way ahead (“house money”) or way behind (“breakeven”)
  • People are more risk adverse in public than in private
  • It is more common to lie through omission than commission
  • “By convincing his fellow contestant that picking split would be his only hope of getting money, Nick ensured that he wouldn’t be alone in choosing the split ball.”
  • Softening risks can be more beneficial than boosting payouts

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