Category: Reading

  • “Twilight of the Elite” by Christopher Hayes

    • We get elites wrong, because we assume we should be ruled and we just need to find the right people to rule us
    • Meritocracy skews our notions of elitism
    • “We rule not ‘by the people’ but ‘by the cleverest people’.”
    • Unequal outcomes subvert mobility
    • Bad money pushes out good money
      • (Players on steroids push out those who do not)
    • “Inside jokes” and alternative language is a sign of misdeeds
    • “We cannot have a Just society that applies the principle of accountability to the powerless and the principle of forgiveness to the powerful. This is the America in which we currently reside.”
    • We affiliate with a political party to offload policy decision burdens
    • “Bipartisan” is a way to say, “everyone agrees with this”
    • We are just in proximity, but being close can blind us
    • “We are not in the mess in the world today because of too many [information] leaks.”
    • Change through the Media is easier when there are fewer of them
    • Technology has expanded the reach of the Elite… If everyone can download the top soprano [singer], why would you listen to the second best
    • “Freedom of the press is for those who own one”
    • Slave labor stunted the growth of the South (there is no need to innovate if you have free labor)
    • Elite distribution is growing
    • Focusing on merit hides the power of the network; a hidden network makes the elites feel they deserved what they have.
    • Protective egotism is when we pump ourselves up as a self-defense
    • Smarts are the new measure of merit
    • Smarts are not enough, we need wisdom and empathy
    • Feedback is critical to successful systems
    • “You ignore the people in the lower decks at your own peril.”
    • We need to worry about equality in opportunity, including equality to access
      • (It is not just that everyone should be able to take the test, everyone should have access to the same prep tools)
  • “Conspiracy” by Ryan Holiday

    • “No one transgresses me with impunity.”
    • Fights break out, conspiracies stew
    • Only princes can afford to send out an army
    • The weaker party has to be secret
    • Conspiracies must have more than one person
    • Conspirators transition from ‘fighting for evil’ to ‘fighting for others, with or without their permission’
    • “Choose your enemies wisely because you will become just like them.”
    • (You cannot be both unconquerable and the underdog)
    • “Anyone who is threatened and is forced necessarily to suffer or act is a very dangerous man to the prince.”
    • We mistake a clear view for a short distance
    • (Be right about the things that others are not even aware of.)
    • Secrets are not forever; you need to be able to live with them coming out
    • “Culture trumps strategy any day”
    • “Never interrupt an event as making a mistake.”
    • Trials are the performance of all that practice
    • Argue law to the judge, argue fact to the jury
    • “You should not only leave a line of retreat for your enemies, you should pave it.”
  • “Confessions of a Recovering Engineer” by Charles L Marohn, Jr.

    • Randomness is the enemy of safety
    • “High speeds are a design issue but low speeds are an enforcement issue”
    • Street widening should be called such instead of “street enhancements”
      • (If you claim to not be making value decisions, then your words need to reflect that)
    • Speed and mobility
    • Pre-automobile definitions:
      • Road: high-speed connection between two places
      • Street: A platform for building community wealth (places people want to be)
    • Cars were ruled as “ferocious beasts” and the owner’s responsibilities to manage
    • Perception of risk changes as safety is improved
    • Drivers drive at the speeds that feel safe and let us cruise on System 1
      • (Humans want to move as fast as they can feel safe)
    • High value per acre is always where people get out of their cars
    • Cities are designed to favor the out-of-town commuters
    • Congestion builds pent-up demand and encourages option development
    • Benefits of reduced travel time does not mean boost economic growth
    • Transit needs to have priority
  • “Original” by Adam Grant

    • Achievement can either come from conformity or originality
    • Firefox and Chrome users tend to stay longer perform better, and miss less work than IE our Safari
    • What made the difference is how you get the browser
    • Disadvantaged groups tend to be more entrenched in the state quo
      • (It is harder to let go of the familiar when you have a lot to lose relative to what you have)
    • We justify the default
    • Practice makes perfect but nothing original
    • Achievement motivation crowds out originality
    • Originality it’s not about taking big risks
    • We tend to manage risk as a portfolio, so risky in one place and stable in all other places
    • The difficulty with originals is in selecting winners not in generating ideas
    • Great ideas are a numbers game (aim for 25)
    • Peer evaluation is best
    • Domain experience and intuition go together
    • Passion is in the heart, not the sleeves
    • The way success was achieved matters (execution) more than the idea itself
    • Sometimes it is better to embrace the establishment to change it from the inside
    • When presenting great ideas, remember that you are living with the ideas in your head while everyone else is hearing them for the first time
    • Short, mixed presentations are best for warming people up to a new idea
    • We do better at remembering open tasks than completed tasks
    • Stopping mid-way through the project is the best time to discuss how to proceed with it
    • Percolate the ideas!
    • Settlers tend to outlast pioneers
    • Pioneers tend to overextend
    • Get in when the market cools
    • Moving first is a tactics not a goal
    • Zero to start
    • Experimental approaches enable creative longevity
    • Horizontal hostility is common and deadly
    • Similarities are actually bad for inter group alliances
    • Pull back on radicalism at first
    • Frenemies and ambivalent relationships are literally more exhausting than enemies
    • It is better to try to convert enemies than it is to continue to placate frenemies
    • Start with novelty but add a dose of familiarity
    • “The point is to push the envelope not to tear it.”
    • Later-born children tend to take more risks including in creativity
    • Calculation of rationality vs appropriateness
    • Praise the person in moral domains but action in skill domains
    • Phrase as nouns instead of verbs
    • Commitment culture is good for launching but grow slower and struggle to evolve
      • Shifting blueprints later is difficult
      • Make dissent a core commitment
    • Dissent with respect to foster better ideas
    • Cohesion is not the problem in groupthink; overconfidence and reputational concerns are
    • Pretend or assigned dissent is not enough, find someone who believes it
    • “I am excited” is more productive than “I am scared”
    • Lean into the energy of the fear
    • Leaders should present the vision and have users endorse it
    • Show the problems with the status quo then show what could be
  • “Leonardo’s Mountain of Clams and the Diet of Worms” by Stephen Jay Gould

    • Context limits but also provides insight
    • “False facts are highly injurious to the progress of science, for they often endure long; but false views, if supported by some evidence, do little harm, for every one takes a salutary pleasure in proving their falseness.” Darwin
    • Things, especially cave paintings, often do not progress from simple to complex
    • The Theory of Evolution is not a Theory of Progression, it is a Theory of Better Adaptation
    • Evolution tends towards bushiness, not singularity
    • Known events do not preclude unknown events
    • Heritage does not guarantee preservation like biology can, but heritage can evolve much faster
    • When in doubt, go to the primary documents
    • We are not willing to fully embrace evolution because we are not ready for humans to be less important
    • Question simple explanations, few things are actually simple
    • Wealth can help genius be exposed
    • Evolution is constantly adapting to current circumstances, not to overall complexity
    • Question the explanations you know best, they are often wrong
    • Many creatures “simplify” as they diversify